Influenza A

Influenza viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses and belong in the Orthomyxoviridae family. They are subdivided into four of which genera, A, B and C affect humans.

The entire Influenza A virus genome is 13,5 kb long and is contained on eight RNA segments that code for at least 10 but up to 14 proteins, depending on the strain. Influenza type A are categorized into subtypes (eg H5N1) based on the type of two proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (N) on the surface of the viral envelope.

Search our selection of antibodies, proteins, and ELISA kits against Influenza A either by subtypes, Influenza A proteins or browse products used in current Influenza research down below.

The Class I Fusion Protein HA plays two key functions in viral entry. Firstly, it allows the recognition of target cells by binding to their sialic acid-containing receptors. Secondly, once bound, HA is responsible for the fusion of the viral envelope with the late endosomal membrane which facilitates the entry of the viral genome into the target cells. Since HA is the major surface protein of the influenza A virus and is essential to the entry process, it is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. N on the other hand helps viruses to be released after budding from the plasma membrane of a host cell. Viral neuraminidase cleaves terminal neuraminic acid residues from glycan structures on the surface of the infected cell. N also cleaves sialic acid residues from viral proteins, preventing aggregation of viruses. There are 18 different known H antigens and 11 different known N antigens, however only H 1, 2 and 3, and N 1 and 2 are commonly found in humans.

Products by Influenza A Virus Subtypes

Click on the subtypes in the table below to see the corresponding products. Strain information is part of the product name if applicable.

• H1: H1N1, H1N2, H1N3, H1N8, H1N9
• H2: H2N2
• H3: H3N1, H3N1, H3N2, H3N8
• H4: H4N2, H4N4, H4N6, H4N8
• H5: H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N6, H5N8, H5N9
• H6: H6N1, H6N2, H6N4, H6N5, H6N6, H6N8
• H7: H7N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7, H7N8, H7N9
• H8: H8N4
• H9: H9N1, H9N2, H9N4, H9N5, H9N6, H9N8
• H10: H10N3, H10N7, H10N8, H10N9
• H11: H11N2, H11N6, H11N9
• H12: H12N1, H12N3, H12N5, H12N8
• H13: H13N6, H13N8
• H14: H14N5
• H15: H15N2, H15N8
• H16: H16N3
• H17: H17N10
• H18: H18N11

Main Influenza A Targets

Note: After clicking on the target names filter by "Reactivity" to drill down by Influenza A subtype.

Antibodies, Proteins currently used for Influenza A Research

Influenza A viruses are, though known for a longer time, still in focus of research. In regard to the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 Influenza A Virus antibodies, ELISA Kits and proteins can be of use, eg HA antibody ( ABIN645746 ) or the N protein antibody ( ABIN2452039 ) for Influenza A Virus.

They help to rule out cross reactivity for other virus-related diagnostic tests (i.e. COVID-19 serological tests). Abbott TR et al explores the possibilities of CRISPR as an antiviral strategy to combat SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza. PAC-MAN (prophylactic antiviral CRISPR in human cells) can effectively degrade RNA from SARS-CoV-2 sequences and live influenza A virus (IAV) in human lung epithelial cells¹.

References