Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/1000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/50 - 1/200. Other applications not tested. Optimal dilutions are dependent on conditions and should be determined by the user.
Three isoforms of serine/threonine kinases, designated 7PAK p68, 8PAK p65 and 9PAK p62, have been shown to exhibit a high degree of sequence homology with the S. cerevisiae kinase Ste 20, involved in pheromone signaling. The 7, 8, and 9 PAK isoforms complex specifically with Rac1 and Cdc42 in their active GTP-bound state, inhibiting their intrinsic GTPase activity leading to their autophosphorylation. There are eight sites of autophosphorylation on 9 PAK, including Ser 19, Ser 141 Thr 402, phosphorylation of Ser 141 and Thr 402 is correlated with 9 PAK activation. Once phosphorylated and their affinity for Rac/Cdc42 reduced, the PAK isoforms disassociate from the complex to seek downstream substrates. One such putative substrate is Mek kinase, an upstream effector of Mek4, which is involved in the JNK signaling pathway. While the PAK isoforms interact in a GTP dependent manner with Rac 1 and Cdc 42, they do not interact with Rho.Synonyms: Gamma-PAK, PAK 2, PAK gamma, PAK-2, PAK65, Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2, p21-activated kinase 2, p58